The treaty forced Germany to surrender colonies in Africa, Asia and the Pacific cede territory to other nations like France and Poland reduce the size of its military pay war reparations to the Allied countries and accept guilt for the war. The Allied nations ultimately rejected the idea of peace without victory in favor of making Germany pay for causing the war (in their minds) and for perpetuating and escalating the conflict for four long years. Given the contradictory aims of reparations and future stability, statesmen found themselves in a terrible bind. Meanwhile, France and other Allied nations wanted just compensation for the physical, moral and economic devastation of the war. The United States hoped to achieve, in Woodrow Wilson’s words, “peace without victory,” and Britain hoped to put Germany back on its economic feet. The treaty, signed on June 28, 1919, was the product of conflict between the Allied victors. What were the treaty’s major accomplishments? The Treaty of Versailles is famous for both solving and creating problems. Via an email exchange, Helstosky, who serves as chair of the University of Denver’s Department of History, offered the DU Newsroom a crash course in the treaty’s provisions and far-reaching ramifications. In Carol Helstosky’s class on the War to End All Wars, typically offered during spring quarter, the treaty provides students a lot to ponder and debate. 10, 1920, the controversial Treaty of Versailles - which established the terms for peace at the end of World War I - went into effect. It is estimated that close to 250,000 disabled people were murdered under the Nazi regime.On Jan. The model used for killing disabled people was later applied to the industrialised murder within Nazi concentration and death camps such as Auschwitz-Birkenau. The first experimental gassings took place at the killing centre in Brandenberg and thousands of disabled patients were killed in gas chambers disguised as shower rooms. Six killing centres were established to speed up the process – the previous methods of killing people by lethal injection or starvation were deemed too slow to cope with large numbers of adults. Adults with disabilities, chronic illnesses, mental health problems and criminals who were not of German origin were included in the programme. After a period of time parents were told their children had died of pneumonia and their bodies cremated to stop the spread of disease.įollowing the outbreak of war in September 1939 the programme was expanded. Many parents were unaware of the fate of their children, instead being told that they were being sent for improved care. A panel of medical experts were required to give their approval for the ‘euthanasia’, or supposed ‘mercy-killing’, of each child. All children under the age of three who had illnesses or a disability, such as Down’s syndrome, or cerebral palsy were targeted under the T4 programme. In 1939 the killing of disabled children and adults began. It has been estimated that between 19, 360,000 individuals were subjected to forced sterilisation. Prisons, nursing homes, asylums, care homes for the elderly and special schools were targeted to select people for sterilisation. This included people with conditions such as epilepsy, schizophrenia and alcoholism. In 1933 the ‘Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring’ was passed, allowing for the forced sterilisation of those regarded as ‘unfit’. International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia.International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.Political opponents and trade unionists.
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